Pakistan faces significant challenges due to climate change, impacting its sustainable development. The nation's susceptibility to climate-related impacts is influenced by its geographical location, topography, and socio-economic conditions.

A major concern is water scarcity, intensified by melting glaciers in the Himalayas and Hindu Kush. Pakistan relies on these glaciers for agriculture, a vital sector for its economy, making reduced glacier size a direct threat to freshwater availability, impacting food security.

Extreme weather events, including floods and droughts, are escalating. Erratic monsoon rains, crucial for agriculture, lead to disruptions in the agricultural cycle, affecting food production and causing loss of lives and property.

Rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns contribute to the spread of vector-borne diseases, affecting public health. Increased heatwaves pose risks, especially to vulnerable populations, while changing weather patterns disrupt ecosystems and biodiversity.

Recognizing the urgency, Pakistan is a signatory to international agreements like the Paris Agreement, committing to emission reduction and resilience enhancement. The National Climate Change Policy integrates climate considerations into development planning, focusing on adaptation measures.

To build climate resilience, the government launched projects like the Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project, countering deforestation and enhancing carbon sequestration. Efforts also target promoting renewable energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and mitigate global warming.

However, challenges persist in implementing comprehensive climate strategies. Limited financial resources, institutional capacity constraints, and competing priorities hinder effective policy implementation.

International collaboration is crucial for Pakistan. The global community's support in technology transfer, capacity building, and financial assistance can enhance the country's resilience to climate change, fostering sustainable development. As climate change poses a serious threat to Pakistan's socio-economic fabric, both national and international efforts are imperative for a sustainable and climate-resilient future.